So what is complex trauma? Well, Christine Courtois, PhD, a psychotherapist who specializes in defining and treating complex trauma, defines it as “traumatic stressors that are interpersonal, that are pre-meditated, planned, and caused by other humans, such as violation and/or exploitation of another person.” Since then, others have built on her original concepts, further developing our understanding of this important topic. In 1992, Judith Herman wrote the book “Trauma and Recovery”, and she was the first to define complex trauma. This has weakened even further the concept of intimate partner betrayal as a traumatic experience, which was, in my view once again, a mistake.” In the subsequent revisions of the DSM, the traumatic stressor criterion has actually seemed to become even more narrow, focusing on threats of injury or death or vicarious exposure to severe injury or death. Everly says when he’s talking about the PTSD diagnosis in the DSM, he says, “At the time (so back in 1980), many of us considered this dichotomy to be a mistake when it came to rejection and divorce, especially when they involved intimate partner betrayal.
Now the DSM when I was going to school, let’s see that was in 1980, so when I was going to school in 1990s, we had the DSM-4, and currently we’re on the DSM-5, edition 5 of the DSM. They were considered adjustment disorders, which, just an FYI, insurance companies will not pay for treatment if the diagnosis is something under the adjustment disorder category. These would include stressful life experiences such as illness, financial setbacks, divorce, and interpersonal rejection. Now the authors of the DSM-3 considered traumatic events to be different from more common stressors, even though those might still be very painful psychologically. The diagnosis was intended to capture catastrophic stressors that were outside the range of usual human experience, such as war, disasters, rape, and tragic deaths. Now probably most of you listeners have heard about PTSD and have some understanding of what that entails. The new formulation was called post-traumatic stress disorder, or PTSD.
So in the field, we refer to that mouthful as the DSM, and back in 1980, the addition that was out was the DSM-3.
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In 1980, the American Psychiatric Association, or the APA, revealed a new diagnostic formulation in its Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.
Now Michelle Mays is a fellow CSAT, and one of the leading experts right now offering resources and treatment for partners of sex addicts who have experienced betrayal trauma. Then the second source that I’m going to be pulling from today is Michelle Mays. He is the author of over 20 books on stress, psychological crisis intervention, disaster mental health, and human resilience. Everly has spent almost 40 years and traveled to over 25 countries lecturing on and researching the psychological aspects of disaster. Everly serves on the faculties of the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine and the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. Today we’re going to be talking about betrayal trauma, and I’m going to be citing two main sources as I talk about betrayal trauma today. Hi everyone, welcome to Thanks for Sharing.
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